Study for the Integration of AI in Space Exploration Activities

Overview

AI4SPACE-XPLORE is an ESA-funded study, led by the University of Luxembourg with the German Aerospace Center (DLR) as subcontractor, that delivered a comprehensive strategic framework and roadmap for integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into ESA's Human and Robotic Exploration (HRE) missions across Low Earth Orbit, the Moon, and Mars.

Advancing the domain from basic principles (TRL 1) to formulated technology concepts (TRL 2), the consortium mapped the current AI landscape and identified 30 high-impact use cases for future exploration missions.

AI applications taxonomy for space exploration, grouped by critical functional capability and mission destination, and coloured by AI readiness level.

Results

Use Case Prioritization and Assessment

The identified use cases were ranked through a multi-criteria prioritization, followed by deep-dive assessments of the highest-scoring applications. These assessments evaluated technical and operational feasibility, critical data and infrastructure limitations, and the associated ethical and mission risks.

AI Integration Roadmap

The main outcome of the study is an actionable AI Integration Roadmap. This blueprint provides ESA with a structured pathway that identifies key technological gaps, resource requirements, and the programmatic actions needed to mature these conceptual AI applications into flight-proven capabilities. Ultimately, it aims to enhance operational autonomy, scientific return, and mission efficiency for future deep space exploration.